{"id":1521,"date":"2020-11-25T12:10:04","date_gmt":"2020-11-25T09:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ista.org.tr\/?p=1521"},"modified":"2020-12-25T09:57:34","modified_gmt":"2020-12-25T06:57:34","slug":"tahkim-ve-cevrimici-durusmalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ista.org.tr\/en\/blog\/makaleler-ve-yorumlar\/tahkim-ve-cevrimici-durusmalar\/","title":{"rendered":"Tahkim ve \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i Duru\u015fmalar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Giri\u015f<\/strong>
\nCOVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ile t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya neredeyse durma noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015f ve insanlar g\u00fcnl\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdiki zaman\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fine g\u00f6re ayarlamak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmetler salg\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in okullar\u0131n ve i\u015fletmelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n ilan edilmesi ve seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nlem alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fiziken g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131ran bu durum, normalde y\u00fcz y\u00fcze olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen mahkeme ve tahkim duru\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 da \u015f\u00fcphesiz etkilemi\u015ftir. Pek \u00e7ok tahkim kurumu teknolojiden faydalanarak duru\u015fmalar\u0131 video konferans yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nTahkimin taraf iradelerinin uyu\u015fmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te tahkim camias\u0131n\u0131 me\u015fgul eden g\u00fcndemlerden biri de taraflardan birinin itiraz\u0131na ra\u011fmen hakemlerce \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesinin genel hukuk prensiplerini ve ba\u015fta Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok d\u00fczenleme ile koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edip etmedi\u011fi konusu olmu\u015ftur.
\nYak\u0131n zamanda Avusturya Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi (\u201cMahkeme\u201d) taraf\u0131ndan verilen karara kadar, bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla bu konuda bir karar verilmemi\u015ftir . Mahkeme karar\u0131nda yarg\u0131 s\u00fcreci ile \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fmalar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi inceleyerek, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi taraflar\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e, hakem taraf\u0131ndan, taraflardan birinin itirazlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir .<\/p>\n

Vak\u0131alar\/ Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Hakk\u0131nda Genel Bilgi<\/strong>
\nBahsi ge\u00e7en uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Mahkeme\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcne gelmeden \u00f6nce, Viyana Uluslararas\u0131 Tahkim Merkezi (DAHA) nezdinde 3 hakemden olu\u015fan bir hakem heyeti \u00f6n\u00fcnde A\u011fustos 2017\u2019den beri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nDelil duru\u015fmas\u0131 COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00f6nce 10 Mart 2020 tarihine at\u0131lm\u0131\u015fken \u015fartlar nedeniyle sonradan 15 Nisan 2020 tarihine ertelenmi\u015ftir.
\n19 Mart 2020 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131da taraflar, COVID-19 nedeniyle duru\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak d\u00fczenlenmesi olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 2 Nisan 2020 tarihinde ise daval\u0131lar \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fma d\u00fczenlenmesini kesin olarak reddetmi\u015f ve duru\u015fmalar\u0131n daha ileri bir tarihte y\u00fcz y\u00fcze yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istediklerini belirtmi\u015flerdir. Ancak daval\u0131lar\u0131n bu teklifi 8 Nisan 2020 tarihinde hakem heyeti taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmi\u015f ve \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fma tarihi olarak 15 Nisan 2020\u2019ye g\u00fcn verilmi\u015ftir.
\n21 Nisan 2020 tarihinde, daval\u0131lar silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 muamele yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yarg\u0131laman\u0131n adil olmayan bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7eleriyle hakem heyetine itiraz etmi\u015f; ancak daval\u0131lar\u0131n iddialar\u0131 DAHA taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan daval\u0131lar itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 Mahkeme\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Daval\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fmalar\u0131n hukuki temeli hakk\u0131ndaki iddialar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n

(1) \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fma i\u00e7in belirlenen tarih ile daval\u0131lara duru\u015fma i\u00e7in yeterli bir haz\u0131rlanma s\u00fcresi verilmemesi nedeniyle silahlar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesi ihlal edilmektedir:<\/strong> Daval\u0131lar, duru\u015fmalar\u0131n y\u00fcz y\u00fcze yap\u0131lmas\u0131 tekliflerinin hakem heyeti taraf\u0131ndan 8 Nisan 2020 tarihinde reddedilmesi sebebiyle, 15 Nisan 2020 tarihindeki duru\u015fmaya haz\u0131rlanmak i\u00e7in kendilerine yeterli zaman verilmedi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

(2) Saat dilimi fark\u0131 nedeniyle taraflar aras\u0131 e\u015fitsizlik s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r:<\/strong> Daval\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca, Los Angeles merkezli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve hakem heyeti taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen 15:00 CET olan duru\u015fma saatinin Los Angeles saati ile sabah 6:00\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini ve bu sebeple Viyana merkezli davac\u0131lar\u0131n duru\u015fmaya \u00f6\u011fleden sonra saat 15:00\u2019te ba\u015flarken kendilerinin duru\u015fmaya sabah saat 6:00\u2019da ba\u015flamak zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle taraflara e\u015fit olmayan muamele yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

(3) Tan\u0131klara m\u00fcdahale edilme tehlikesi bulmaktad\u0131r:<\/strong> Daval\u0131lar, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fma kararla\u015ft\u0131rmakla tan\u0131klara m\u00fcdahale edilmesi tehlikesi meydana getirdiklerinden bahisle hakemlerin e\u015fitlik ilkesini ihlal etti\u011fini ve bu durumun hakemlerin tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mahkemenin Karar\u0131<\/strong>
\nMahkeme taraflarca ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen iddialar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdikten sonra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde karar kurmu\u015ftur\/vermi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

(1) Duru\u015fmaya haz\u0131rlanmak i\u00e7in yeterli s\u00fcre olmamas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda:<\/strong> Mahkeme, duru\u015fman\u0131n ertelenmesi talebinin reddedildi\u011fi karar\u0131n tebli\u011finden \u00f6nce taraflara duru\u015fma tarihi hakk\u0131nda bilgi verildi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k taraflar\u0131ndan birinin erteleme talebinde bulunmas\u0131 halinde, erteleme talebinde bulunan taraf\u0131ndan bu talebinin hemen kabul edilece\u011fini ve bu sebeple de duru\u015fman\u0131n ertelenece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek hareket etmesinin makul olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Erteleme talebinde bulunan taraf, talebinin reddedilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almal\u0131 ve bu nedenle duru\u015fman\u0131n daha \u00f6nceden kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan g\u00fcn ve saatte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 gerekli haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsamda Mahkeme daval\u0131lar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmak i\u00e7in yeterli zaman\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken, ret karar\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi tarih yerine erteleme talep edilmeden \u00f6nce taraflara bildirilen duru\u015fma tarihinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu sebepler do\u011frultusunda, Mahkeme daval\u0131lar\u0131n duru\u015fmaya haz\u0131rlanmak i\u00e7in yeterli s\u00fcrelerinin oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

(2) Farkl\u0131 zaman dilimleri hakk\u0131nda:<\/strong> Mahkeme, daval\u0131lar\u0131n Los Angeles ve Viyana aras\u0131ndaki co\u011frafi uzakl\u0131k sebebiyle seyahate ve saat dilimi farkl\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek zorluklar\u0131 en ba\u015fta kabul ettiklerini belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Mahkeme, saat 6:00’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fman\u0131n daval\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fck olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fman\u0131n, fiziki duru\u015fmaya k\u0131yasla daval\u0131lar\u0131n Los Angeles\u2019tan Viyana\u2019ya gitmek i\u00e7in harcayacaklar\u0131 emek ve zaman\u0131 da azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple, Mahkeme daval\u0131lar\u0131n zaman dilimlerine ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131n\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

(3) Tan\u0131klara m\u00fcdahale edilebilece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda:<\/strong> Mahkeme, COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00f6nce de video konferans yoluyla \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fma usul\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederek, kald\u0131 ki salg\u0131n ile beraber uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 verimli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6zmeye devam etmek i\u00e7in teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Mahkeme, tan\u0131klara m\u00fcdahale tehlikesinin y\u00fcz y\u00fcze ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen duru\u015fmalarda da bulundu\u011funu ifade ederek, duru\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na ciddi bir usul\u00ee ihlale sebebiyet vermeyece\u011fini, hakem heyetinin tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyece\u011fini ve adil yarg\u0131lanma ilkesinin ihlali anlam\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca daval\u0131lar\u0131n itirazlar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerken, spesifik olarak hangi usul kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini de belirtmek yerine, afaki bir \u015fekilde adil yarg\u0131lanma ilkesinin ihlal edildi\u011fini belirtmeleri de hakl\u0131 bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Mahkeme, daval\u0131lar\u0131n tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131na m\u00fcdahale edilebilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131n\u0131 da reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yorumlar<\/strong>
\n\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fmalar COVID-19’dan \u00f6nce de kullan\u0131lmakta ise de pandemi ile birlikte, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n etkin bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini temin etmek ad\u0131na, tahkim kurumlar\u0131nca yeni kurallar ve prosed\u00fcrler benimsenmek durumunda kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bu kurallar ve prosed\u00fcrler \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fmalar i\u00e7in zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olsalar da taraflar\u0131n e\u015fitli\u011fi ilkesi, hukuki dinlenilme hakk\u0131 gibi hususlar\u0131 netle\u015ftirmekte eksik kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBu konudaki ilk emsal olan Avusturya Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi\u2019nin karar\u0131 COVID-19’un ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bu yana tahkim camias\u0131n\u0131 me\u015fgul eden bu soruna tatmin edici bir cevap getirmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fmalar\u0131n temelini atmas\u0131 ve usul\u00ee s\u00fcreci derinlemesine irdelemesi sebebiyle \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir karard\u0131r. Mahkeme\u2019nin \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fmalar\u0131 destekleyen tutumunun di\u011fer yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 da etkilemesi kuvvetle muhtemeldir.
\nCOVID-19’un \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te de devam edece\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha bir\u00e7ok uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyece\u011fine \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, tahkim yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda taraflar\u0131n al\u0131\u015f\u0131lageldik usul\u00ee y\u00f6ntemlere nazaran, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun yeni y\u00f6ntemlere e\u011filim g\u00f6stermesi ve adapte olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 son derece \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Giri\u015f COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ile t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya neredeyse durma noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015f ve insanlar g\u00fcnl\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[128],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTahkim ve \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i Duru\u015fmalar | \u0130STA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0130STA taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan Tahkim ve \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i Duru\u015fmalar konulu yaz\u0131y\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in sitemizi ziyaret edin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ista.org.tr\/blog\/makaleler-ve-yorumlar\/tahkim-ve-cevrimici-durusmalar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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