{"id":673,"date":"2017-07-27T22:39:22","date_gmt":"2017-07-27T19:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ista.org.tr\/haberler\/istac-ve-ankara-barosu-tahkim-egitim-copy\/"},"modified":"2020-05-30T22:42:22","modified_gmt":"2020-05-30T19:42:22","slug":"iran-ve-tahkim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ista.org.tr\/en\/blog\/haberler\/iran-ve-tahkim\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ran ve Tahkim"},"content":{"rendered":"

Selma Karaduman; \u0130STA Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u0130ran, uzun s\u00fcren bir ambargo d\u00f6neminden sonra, d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lan bakir bir pazar olup, b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlara ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan \u00f6nemli i\u015f f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkedir. Gelecekte artacak petrol ve do\u011falgaz gelirleri ile de yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 bir \u00fclke olma potansiyeline sahiptir. T\u00fcrkiye ise, yine \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir pazar olup, Iran d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m olanaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in cazip bir \u00fclkedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye, sahip oldu\u011fu dinamik i\u015fadam\u0131 potansiyelinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Iran ile olan ortak tarihsel ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ile de \u0130ran i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir oyuncudur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ran, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci do\u011falgaz, en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc petrol rezervine sahip bir \u00fclke olarak, enerji konusunda gelece\u011fin \u00f6nemli bir enerji oyuncusu olmaya adayd\u0131r. Bu nedenle, enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, kaynak \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmesi ile yapmak isteyecek \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran, y\u0131ll\u0131k 10 milyar metrek\u00fcpl\u00fck do\u011falgaz ile Rusya\u2019dan sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ikinci do\u011falgaz tedarik\u00e7isi konumundad\u0131r. Ambargonun getirdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara ra\u011fmen petrolde ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin talebinin y\u00fczde 30\u2019una yak\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130ran kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 ticaret ve yat\u0131r\u0131m konular\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc hem ticaret s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ve hem de uluslararas\u0131 proje finansman\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011fu zaman olmazsa olmaz. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde ulusal mahkemelerdeki yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin uzun s\u00fcrmesi, teknik ve ticari konulara hakim uzmanlar\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve var olan uzmanlar\u0131n yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecine dahil edilmesi konusunda etkin olunmamas\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kacak karar\u0131n taraflar\u0131 tatmin etmeme riski, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirli\u011fin daha az olmas\u0131, devletlerin kamu ya da \u00f6zel oyuncular\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131lamada taraf olmas\u0131, gerek mevzuat, gerekse uygulamada tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zaman zaman tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131 nedeniyle; uluslararas\u0131 tahkim, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in giderek \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tahkimde kullan\u0131lacak yasalar, g\u00fcvenilir tahkim yeri, se\u00e7ilecek hakem heyeti ve tahkim kurumunun se\u00e7imi kadar tahkimin ilgili \u00fclkelerde infaz edilebilirli\u011fi de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Globalle\u015fmenin neticelerinden biri olanuluslararas\u0131 ticaretin artmas\u0131 ile birlikte Milletleraras\u0131 Ticaret Odas\u0131 (ICC) tahkim organ\u0131 kurulmu\u015f olup, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde milletleraras\u0131 ticari tahkime \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden bir kurulu\u015ftur. Divan, uluslararas\u0131 ticari ihtilaflar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nde gelen merkezlerindendir. \u00c7o\u011fu tahkim kurulu\u015fu, kapsam itibariyle yerel veya ulusal nitelik ta\u015f\u0131maktayken, ICC Divan\u0131 tamamen uluslararas\u0131 bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye sahiptir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm k\u0131talar\u0131nda yer alan toplam 90 \u00fclkedeki \u00fcyelerden olu\u015fan Divan, en yayg\u0131n temsil edilen tahkim kurulu\u015fu olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine de sahiptir. Tahkim kararlar\u0131n\u0131n objektif ve siyasi yorumdan uzak olmas\u0131nda i\u015fbu yayg\u0131n temsilin rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

ICC\u2019nin bu \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve enerji talep g\u00fcvenli\u011fi gibi \u00f6nemli unsurlar i\u00e7eren T\u00fcrkiye-\u0130ran do\u011falgaz s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde ihtilaflar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc mekanizmas\u0131 olarak ICC se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Enerji Arz G\u00fcvenli\u011finin \u00fclkelerin en \u00f6nemli hedeflerinden biri olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, enerji ticaretinde taraf devletlerin gizlili\u011fe verdi\u011fi \u00f6nem \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeydedir. Tahkim M\u00fcessesesinin en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biri olan gizlilik, akit taraf devletleri bak\u0131mdan da ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Milletleraras\u0131 Tahkim Divan\u0131 \u0130\u00e7 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Madde 1 Divan \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Gizlili\u011fi\u2019ni d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130lgili madde h\u00fckm\u00fc<\/p>\n

\u201c1- Bu Ek kapsam\u0131nda Divan \u00fcyeleri, Ba\u015fkan ve Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 da i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

2- Divan\u2019\u0131n oturumlar\u0131, ister genel oturum ister Divan\u2019\u0131n bir komitesinin oturumu olsun, sadece kendi \u00fcyelerine ve Divan Sekretaryas\u0131\u2019na a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3- Divan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ancak istisnai hallerde ba\u015fka \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131 da toplant\u0131ya davet edebilir. Bu \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n, Divan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na hakim olan gizlilik prensibine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeleri zorunludur. 4- Divan\u2019a sunulan veya yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda Divan ya da Sekretarya taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen belgeler sadece Divan \u00dcyelerine, Sekretarya\u2019ya ve Ba\u015fkan\u2019\u0131n, Divan oturumlar\u0131n\u0131 dinleme hususunda izin verdi\u011fi ki\u015filere iletilir.<\/p>\n

5- Divan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 veya Genel Sekreteri; akademik nitelikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara, tahkim s\u0131ras\u0131nda taraflarca sunulmu\u015f bilgi notu, not, beyan ve belgeler hari\u00e7, hakem kararlar\u0131 ve genel ilgi \u00e7ekecek di\u011fer belgeler hususunda eri\u015fim izni verebilir.<\/p>\n

6- S\u00f6z konusu izin; ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, belgelerin gizlili\u011fine dair prensibe sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyi ve belgeyi \u00f6nceden Divan\u2019\u0131n Genel Sekreteri\u2019ne onay i\u00e7in sunmadan yay\u0131nlamamay\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmedik\u00e7e verilmez.<\/p>\n

7- Sekretarya; bu kurallar uyar\u0131nca tahkime sunulan her davada, t\u00fcm hakem kararlar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6rev belgelerini ve Divan\u2019\u0131n kararlar\u0131n\u0131, Sekretarya\u2019n\u0131n ilgili yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere, Divan\u2019\u0131n ar\u015fivinde saklar.<\/p>\n

\u015eeklindedir.<\/p>\n

Nitekim Milletleraras\u0131 Ticaret Odas\u0131 Milletleraras\u0131 Tahkim Divan\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Gizlilik\u2019i d\u00fczenleyen 6. Maddesinde de<\/p>\n

\u201cDivan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gizlidir ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada herhangi bir s\u0131fatla yer alan her ki\u015fi bu hususa sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek zorundad\u0131r. Divan, Divan toplant\u0131lar\u0131na ve Komitelerine kat\u0131lacak ve Divan ve Sekretarya\u2019ya sunulmu\u015f belgeleri g\u00f6rmeye yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin uymas\u0131 gereken kurallar\u0131 belirler.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

denilmek suretiyle Gizlili\u011fi vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizin New York, Avrupa Uluslararas\u0131 Ticari Tahkim ve Washington Yat\u0131r\u0131m Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc hakk\u0131nda Konvansiyonlar\u0131na taraf olmas\u0131 ile birlikte, 20001 y\u0131l\u0131nda kanunla\u015fan, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Model Hukukuna uygun, Milletleraras\u0131 Tahkim Kanununu, 07.05.2004 tarih ve 5170 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla T.C. Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 90. Maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n mezkur say\u0131l\u0131 maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda;<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/em><\/strong>Usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f Milletleraras\u0131 Andla\u015fmalar kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bunlar hakk\u0131nda Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131 ile Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurulamaz. Usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fmalarla kanunlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 konuda farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

denmektedir.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zkonusu d\u00fczenleme ile uluslar aras\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin yerel hukukun \u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu hususu, uluslararas\u0131 ticaret bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasal g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 ticaretten s\u00f6z etmi\u015fken; Lex Mercatoria kavram\u0131na de\u011finmek isterim. Uluslararas\u0131 Ticaret Hukuku olarak da T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evirebilece\u011fimiz bu kavram\u0131n k\u00f6kleri Roma Hukukuna dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lex Mercatoria, 22.9.1949 tarihinde Paris\u2019te yap\u0131lan 2. Uluslararas\u0131 Bar\u0131\u015f Kongresindeki bir konu\u015fmada,\u00a0\u201cUluslararas\u0131 Ticaret Hukuku, d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>1949\u2019dan bu yana; b\u00f6lgesel ekonomik birliklerin kurulmas\u0131, g\u00fcmr\u00fck duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve ileti\u015fim alanlar\u0131ndaki teknolojik geli\u015fmeler gibi bir\u00e7ok \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fti hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz. Ancak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bar\u0131\u015fa olan \u00f6zlemi ve hukuka olan ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi kanaatindeyim. Tam da bu sebeple, \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n hassas dengelerde oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde, Iran ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ICC Tahkim Divan\u0131 gibi, uluslararas\u0131 ticaret hukukuna ili\u015fkin tarafs\u0131z bir makama emanet ederek Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 Koruyan bir tav\u0131r sergilemi\u015flerdir. Lex Mercatoria\u2019n\u0131n evrensel niteli\u011fi, gerek d\u00fcnyadaki de\u011fi\u015fik hukuk sistemlerinde benzer olan ticari kavram ve kurumlar\u0131; gerekse uluslararas\u0131 ticaret alan\u0131nda ki\u015filerin ithalat ve ihracat yoluyla al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi esnas\u0131nda geli\u015fen uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7ermesinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 ticaret hukukunun kaynaklar\u0131 olarak nitelenebilecek kaynaklardan ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralayacak olur isek;<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
      \n
    1. Standart s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler<\/li>\n
    2. Bir \u00f6rnek kurallar<\/li>\n
    3. Ticari team\u00fcller<\/li>\n
    4. Uluslararas\u0131 kanunla\u015ft\u0131rmalar
      \na) Devletler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalar
      \nb) Model kanunlar<\/li>\n
    5. Uluslar\u00fcst\u00fc hukuk<\/li>\n
    6. Hukukun genel ilkeleri<\/li>\n
    7. a) \u0130yi niyet ilkesi
      \nb) Pacta sunt servanda (Ahde Vefa \u0130lkesi)
      \nc) Vis maior ve claus\u0131tla rebus sic stantibus (M\u00fccbir sebep-Akdin Uyarlanmas\u0131)<\/li>\n
    8. Uluslararas\u0131 hakemlik<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Nitekim, iki \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 uzun vadeli etkileyecek bu kararlar ICC\u2018nin ba\u015fta Lex Mercatoria olmak \u00fczere, d\u00fcnyadaki bir\u00e7ok sayg\u0131n hukuk\u00e7unun benimsedi\u011fi hukuk de\u011ferlerinin ortak yans\u0131mas\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Ayn\u0131 zamanda Av. Sn. Mehmet G\u00fcn liderli\u011finde yeni kurulmu\u015f olan \u0130stanbul Tahkim Derne\u011fi\u2019nin Kurucu \u00fcyesi olan bir hukuk\u00e7u olarak, enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin bu kadar \u00f6nem arz etti\u011fi bir co\u011frafyada T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devletinin tahkim hukukuna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131n\u0131 son derece vizyoner ve sa\u011fduyulu buldu\u011fumuzu ifade etmek isterim.<\/p>\n

      Tahkim mekanizmas\u0131 asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. Cahiliye D\u00f6nemi ile \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n tebli\u011fine ba\u015flanmas\u0131ndan sonraki d\u00f6nemde, Hz. Muhammed\u2019in (S.A.V.) hakem olarak yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131z uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Avukat Selma Karaduman<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Selma Karaduman; \u0130STA Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi \u0130ran, uzun s\u00fcren bir ambargo d\u00f6neminden sonra, d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[51,34,25],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130ran ve Tahkim | \u0130STA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0130STA taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u0130ran ve Tahkim konulu yaz\u0131y\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in sitemizi ziyaret edin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ista.org.tr\/blog\/haberler\/iran-ve-tahkim\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130ran ve Tahkim | \u0130STA\" 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