{"id":950,"date":"2020-04-10T00:58:47","date_gmt":"2020-04-09T21:58:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ista.org.tr\/ista-blog\/makaleler-ve-yorumlar\/7226-sayili-kanun-cercevesinde-tahkimde-sureler-konusunda-doktrin-gorusleri-ve-itotam-divan-karari-copy\/"},"modified":"2020-06-03T01:00:42","modified_gmt":"2020-06-02T22:00:42","slug":"covid-19-surecinde-tahkimde-sureler-turk-hukukunda-ogreti-ve-kurumsal-uygulamalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ista.org.tr\/en\/blog\/makaleler-ve-yorumlar\/covid-19-surecinde-tahkimde-sureler-turk-hukukunda-ogreti-ve-kurumsal-uygulamalar\/","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19 S\u00fcrecinde Tahkimde S\u00fcreler: T\u00fcrk Hukukunda \u00d6\u011freti ve Kurumsal Uygulamalar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Ural Ak\u00fcz\u00fcm*<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun[2]<\/a>\u00a0uyar\u0131nca bir\u00e7ok kanunda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Torba Kanun niteli\u011findeki bu kanunda Covid-19 (Koronavir\u00fcs) salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi amac\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda yeni d\u00fczenlemeler getirilmi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te hukuk alan\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici nitelikte de olsa birtak\u0131m d\u00fczenlemelerin getirilmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Zira \u00fclkemizde yarg\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc hep g\u00fcndemdedir ve \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir adliyelerinde insan hareketlili\u011fi yo\u011fundur. Hukuk prati\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeler, genellikle adli ve idari yarg\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrelerle ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun Ge\u00e7ici Madde 1\u2019e g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n

\u201cCovid-19 salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkemizde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle yarg\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki hak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla;<\/i><\/p>\n

a) Dava a\u00e7ma, icra takibi ba\u015flatma, ba\u015fvuru, \u015fik\u00e2yet, itiraz, ihtar, bildirim, ibraz ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcreleri, hak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcreler ve zorunlu idari ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcreleri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere bir hakk\u0131n do\u011fumu, kullan\u0131m\u0131 veya sona ermesine ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm s\u00fcreler; 6\/1\/1982 tarihli ve 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc Kanunu, 4\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu ve 12\/1\/2011 tarihli ve 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu ile usul h\u00fckm\u00fc i\u00e7eren di\u011fer kanunlarda taraflar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirlenen s\u00fcreler ve bu kapsamda h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilen s\u00fcreler ile arabuluculuk ve uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131ndaki s\u00fcreler 13\/3\/2020 (bu tarih d\u00e2hil) tarihinden,<\/i><\/p>\n

b) 9\/6\/1932 tarihli ve 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu ile takip hukukuna ili\u015fkin di\u011fer kanunlarda belirlenen s\u00fcreler ve bu kapsamda h\u00e2kim veya icra ve iflas daireleri taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilen s\u00fcreler; nafaka alacaklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin icra takipleri hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm icra ve iflas takipleri, taraf ve takip i\u015flemleri, yeni icra ve iflas takip taleplerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131, ihtiyati haciz kararlar\u0131n\u0131n icra ve infaz\u0131na ili\u015fkin i\u015flemler 22\/3\/2020 (bu tarih d\u00e2hil) tarihinden,<\/i><\/p>\n

itibaren 30\/4\/2020 (bu tarih d\u00e2hil) tarihine kadar durur. Bu s\u00fcreler, durma s\u00fcresinin sona erdi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fc takip eden g\u00fcnden itibaren i\u015flemeye ba\u015flar. Durma s\u00fcresinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibar\u0131yla, bitimine on be\u015f g\u00fcn ve daha az kalm\u0131\u015f olan s\u00fcreler, durma s\u00fcresinin sona erdi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fc takip eden g\u00fcnden ba\u015flamak \u00fczere on be\u015f g\u00fcn uzam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Salg\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesi halinde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 durma s\u00fcresini alt\u0131 ay\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere bir kez uzatabilir ve bu d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin kapsam\u0131 daraltabilir. Bu kararlar Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlan\u0131r.\u201d[3]<\/b><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Kanunun bu h\u00fckm\u00fcnden, bir hakk\u0131n do\u011fumu, kullan\u0131m\u0131 veya sona ermesine ili\u015fkin gerek taraflarca belirlenen gerekse de h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilen b\u00fct\u00fcn usuli s\u00fcrelerin 13 Mart 2020 tarihinden itibaren 30 Nisan 2020 tarihine kadar\u00a0duraca\u011f\u0131\u00a0<\/i>anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcrelerin durmas\u0131 hem hukuk hem idare hem de ceza mahkemeleri nezdinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen i\u015flemler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Arabuluculuk ve uzla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerindeki s\u00fcreler de 13 Mart ile 30 Nisan 2020 aras\u0131 tarihlerde durmaktad\u0131r. Takip i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin s\u00fcreler ise 13 Mart\u2019tan de\u011fil 22 Mart 2020\u2019den itibaren durmu\u015f ve ilk olarak 30 Nisan 2020 tarihi, s\u00fcrelerin duraca\u011f\u0131 son tarihi olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Ek olarak durma s\u00fcresinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibar\u0131yla, bitimine on be\u015f g\u00fcn ve daha az kalm\u0131\u015f olan s\u00fcrelerin, durma s\u00fcresinin sona erdi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fc takip eden g\u00fcnden ba\u015flamak \u00fczere on be\u015f g\u00fcn uzam\u0131\u015f say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/i>Salg\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesi halinde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na, alt\u0131 ay\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere durma s\u00fcresini bir kez uzatma yetkisi verilse de salg\u0131n\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131namamas\u0131 durumunda yine kanun yoluyla hukuk alan\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrelerin durmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yeni d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TAHK\u0130M Y\u00d6N\u00dcNDEN DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/b><\/p>\n

7226 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un yukar\u0131da belirtilen h\u00fckm\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere, adli s\u00fcrelerin durdurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak d\u00fczenlenen Ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesinde tahkimdeki s\u00fcrelere ili\u015fkin herhangi bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Oysa ayn\u0131 paragrafta, arabuluculuk ve uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrelere a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn tahkime ili\u015fkin s\u00fcrelerde kullan\u0131l\u0131p kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda, taraflar s\u00fcrelerin durdurulmas\u0131 konusunda mutab\u0131k kalarak tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 durdurabilirler. Zira tahkimin \u00f6z\u00fcnde irade serbestisi prensibi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Taraflar aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fma ile tahkim yoluna gitti\u011fi gibi kural olarak tahkim i\u00e7erisinde usul kurallar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme hak ve yetkisine sahiptirler. Neticede hakemden s\u00fcrelerin durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 veya uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilirler. Bu sebeple s\u00fcrelerin durmas\u0131 veya uzamas\u0131, taraflar\u0131n ortak iradesiyle veya taraflardan birinin hakeme m\u00fcracaat etmesi suretiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ad hoc tahkim, \u015f\u00fcphesiz taraflara bu konuda daha geni\u015f bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck alan\u0131 vermektedir. Ancak kurumsal tahkim merkezlerince y\u00f6netilen tahkim yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda da hakemler, kurumun tahkim kurallar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayacaklar, tahkim kurumunun tahkim kuralar\u0131n\u0131n izin verdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde taraflar\u0131n iradesine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stereceklerdir. Ancak taraflardan birisinin, kendi lehine olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle, s\u00fcrelerin durmas\u0131na ya da uzamas\u0131na r\u0131za g\u00f6stermemesi durumunda ne olacakt\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi Ge\u00e7ici Madde 1\u2019de tahkimde s\u00fcrelere a\u00e7\u0131k bir d\u00fczenleme yer almamas\u0131 belirlili\u011fi zay\u0131flatmaktad\u0131r. HMK\u2019n\u0131n 444. maddesinde, tahkime ili\u015fkin \u2018K\u0131s\u0131m\u2019daki konularda, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e, di\u011fer usul h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde MTK 17. maddesinde de HMK\u2019daki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e milletleraras\u0131 tahkime uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Belirtmek gerekir ki doktrinde, HMK h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen tahkim yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00fcrelerin duraca\u011f\u0131 ancak kurumsal tahkimlerde s\u00fcrelerin devam edilece\u011fi ifade ediliyor olmakla beraber bu maddenin amaca g\u00f6re uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden hareketle tahkim yeri T\u00fcrkiye olan b\u00fct\u00fcn tahkim yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Taraflar\u0131n birinin talebinin di\u011fer yanca kabul edilmemesi halinde hakeme m\u00fcracaat edilerek pandemi d\u00f6neminde dilek\u00e7e ve delillerin sunulmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle s\u00fcre uzat\u0131m talebinde bulunmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 sebebiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sosyal durum \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki beklenilmeyen, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen ve ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir durumdur. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle normal \u015fartlarda s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir usuli i\u015flemin yap\u0131lamamas\u0131, hakl\u0131 ve makul g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Aksi takdirde, yani mevcut sosyal \u015fartlar\u0131n g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmamas\u0131 sebebiyle bir taraf\u0131n aleyhine bir sonucun \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, hukuki dinlenilme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlali anlam\u0131na dahi gelebilir.<\/p>\n

ULUSAL TAHK\u0130M MERKEZLER\u0130N\u0130N YAKLA\u015eIMI<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul Tahkim Merkezi (ISTAC) bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te faaliyetlerine devam etmekte, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar evden hizmet vermekle birlikte telefon ve e-posta ileti\u015fiminde ve kuryelerin al\u0131nmas\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir kesinti bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Tahkim duru\u015fmalar\u0131 ise taraflar\u0131n talebine ve\/veya hakemin karar\u0131na g\u00f6re video-konferans \u00fczerinden d\u00fczenlenebilmektedir. 7226 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un adli s\u00fcrelerin durdurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak d\u00fczenlenen Ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Sigorta Tahkim Komisyonu ve T\u00fcketici Hakem Heyetleri s\u00fcreler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu yasama faaliyetine uyumlu kararlar[5]<\/a>\u00a0al\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan \u0130TOTAM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Hakan Pekcan\u0131tez, yeni tarihli makalesinde[6]<\/a>\u00a07226 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un adli s\u00fcrelerin durdurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak d\u00fczenlenen Ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesinin tahkim davalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir:<\/p>\n

\u201cKanunda genel olarak davadan s\u00f6z edilirken, \u00f6zel olarak tahkimde a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan davalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir h\u00fck\u00fcm getirilmemi\u015ftir. Kanaatimce Kanunun kabul\u00fcn\u00fc gerektiren ko\u015fullar ve amac\u0131, tahkim davalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fundan, buradaki s\u00fcrelerin durmas\u0131n\u0131, Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanununa g\u00f6re tahkim yolu ile a\u00e7\u0131lacak ya da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f davalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erli k\u0131lmak gerekir. Ancak kurumsal tahkim kurallar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda s\u00fcrelerin durmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu konuda kurumlar kendileri s\u00fcre bak\u0131m\u0131nda genel bir d\u00fczenleme yapabilirler. Yine t\u00fcketici hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hakem heyetine yap\u0131lacak ba\u015fvurular hakk\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrelerin de 13.3.2020 tarihinden itibaren duraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek gerekir.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

Bu konuda \u0130TOTAM Tahkim Divan\u0131 ise 30 Mart 2020 tarihli karar\u0131nda[7]<\/a>\u00a0tahkimine konu olan s\u00fcreler i\u00e7in aynen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde karar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizdeki Covid-19 salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle yarg\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki hak kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi amac\u0131yla; 22.03.2020 g\u00fcn ve 31076 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan 2279 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Karar\u0131 ile fevkal\u00e2de hallerde tatilden daha geni\u015f bir uygulama kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Karar\u0131nda takiplerin durmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda,<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0icra ve ifl\u00e2s hukuku ile taraf ve takip i\u015flemleri yap\u0131lmamas\u0131na,<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0yeni icra takiplerinin al\u0131nmamas\u0131na ve<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00b7\u00a0ihtiyati haciz kararlar\u0131n\u0131n icra ve infaz edilmemesine de karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/i><\/p>\n

Fevkal\u00e2de m\u00fchlet s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde, yani 20.03.2020 il\u00e2 30.04.2020 tarihleri aras\u0131nda t\u00fcm icra ve ifl\u00e2s takiplerinin durmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylelikle mevcut takipler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak takip i\u015flemleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00fcreler, fevkal\u00e2de m\u00fchlet s\u00fcresi boyunca i\u015flemeyecektir.<\/i><\/p>\n

Fevkal\u00e2de m\u00fchlet hakk\u0131nda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Karar\u0131ndan sonra, 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanunun Ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesi ile s\u00fcrelerin durdurulmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ikinci bir d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

[…]<\/i><\/p>\n

Her iki d\u00fczenlemede de ihtiyati tedbir karar\u0131 ve ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131 istenmesi \u00f6nlenmemi\u015ftir. Nitekim mahkeme uygulamas\u0131 da bu y\u00f6ndedir. Bu nedenle an\u0131lan s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, her iki hukuki koruma \u00f6nlemi talep edilebilecek ve hatta ihtiyati tedbirler hakk\u0131nda verilen karar\u0131n icras\u0131 da istenebilecektir. Bu iki ge\u00e7ici hukuki koruma \u00f6nlemine ili\u015fkin s\u00fcreler de durdurulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

Gerek Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Karar\u0131nda ve gerekse 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda kurumsal tahkime ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler hakk\u0131nda bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte salg\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, \u0130TOTAM\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan t\u00fcm tahkim davalar\u0131na ve arabuluculuk s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ili\u015fkin s\u00fcreler ile hakemler, arabulucu veya Genel Sekreterlik taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f bulunan s\u00fcrelerin 30.03.2020 tarihinden 30.04.2020 tarihine kadar durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/i><\/p>\n

Duran s\u00fcrelerin 30.04.2020 tarihinden sonra kalan s\u00fcresinin on be\u015f g\u00fcnden daha az olmas\u0131 halinde, bu s\u00fcrelere on be\u015f g\u00fcn il\u00e2ve edilecektir.<\/i><\/p>\n

7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun sadece s\u00fcrelerin durmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde d\u00fczenleme getirdi\u011finden durma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla, dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla meydana gelen sonu\u00e7lar do\u011facakt\u0131r. Durma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde tebligat yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan durma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde tebligat yap\u0131labilir. Ancak bu tebligat herhangi bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrenin i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamayacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin durma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde tahkim ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131l\u0131rsa ba\u015fvuruya cevap s\u00fcresi olan 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcre 30.04.2020 tarihine kadar cevap s\u00fcresi i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamayacak bu s\u00fcrenin bitiminden sonra s\u00fcre i\u015fleyecektir.<\/i><\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde sadece bir t\u00fcr ihtiyati tedbir niteli\u011finden olan acil durum hakemine m\u00fcracaat edilerek karar vermesi istenebilecektir. Ancak, her olay\u0131n niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan talepleri de\u011ferlendirip taraflara ilave s\u00fcre verilip verilmeyece\u011fine acil durum hakeminin karar vermesi do\u011fal m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/i><\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7 YER\u0130NE<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul Ticaret Odas\u0131 Tahkim ve Arabuluculuk Merkezi (\u0130TOTAM) Tahkim Divan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan kararda g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere, 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun Ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesi kapsam\u0131na tahkime ili\u015fkin s\u00fcrelerin de d\u00e2hil edilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015f; bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Merkez b\u00fcnyesinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan t\u00fcm tahkim davalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u00fcreler ile hakemler veya Genel Sekreterlik taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f bulunan s\u00fcrelerin de belirtilen tarihler aras\u0131nda durdurulmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Merkezin bu karar\u0131nda, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kurum olarak,\u00a0<\/i>Kanunca ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Karar\u0131\u2019nca mahkeme ve arabuluculuk s\u00fcrelerinin durdurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler varken, \u2018salg\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 sebebiyle\u2019<\/i>\u00a0tahkime ili\u015fkin s\u00fcrelerin de durdurulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle olay hen\u00fcz mahkeme a\u015famas\u0131na varmadan, tahkime ili\u015fkin s\u00fcrelerin durduruldu\u011funu, bir Divan Karar\u0131 ile bildirmi\u015ftir. Tahkime ili\u015fkin s\u00fcrelerin ma\u011fduriyet ya da hak kayb\u0131 do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek b\u00f6yle durumlarda Acil Durum Hakemi uygulamas\u0131na ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 tavsiye edilmi\u015ftir. 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun kapsam\u0131na tahkime ili\u015fkin s\u00fcrelerin de d\u00e2hil olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise, esas olarak, bu konuda bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in mahkemeye ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 durumunda belirlilik kazanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fcphesiz ki 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun Ge\u00e7ici Madde h\u00fckm\u00fc de g\u00f6zetilerek, tahkime ili\u015fkin b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fcrelerin ve hukuki i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n durduruldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda ihtiyati tedbir karar\u0131 ve ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131 istenmesi \u00f6nlenmemi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla an\u0131lan s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, hukuki koruma \u00f6nlemi talep edilebilecek ve ihtiyati tedbirler hakk\u0131nda karar verilebilecektir. Ancak belirtmek gerekir ki ihtiyati haciz karar\u0131 verilmesi halinde bu karar\u0131n icraya konmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir zira icra takip i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yasak s\u00f6z konusudur.[8]<\/a>. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130TOTAM Divan Karar\u0131\u2019nda belirtildi\u011fi gibi 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun sadece s\u00fcrelerin durmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde d\u00fczenleme getirdi\u011finden durma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/i>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla durma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde dava a\u00e7\u0131labilir ve tebligat yap\u0131labilir.\u00a0<\/i>Ancak bu tebligat herhangi bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrenin i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaz.<\/p>\n

Kan\u0131m\u0131zca tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda Kanunda belirtilen s\u00fcrelerin do\u011frudan uygulanmas\u0131 zaruri de\u011fildir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, taraflar\u0131n ortak iradesine dayanan ve video-konferans gibi mevcut teknolojinin imkanlar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilen tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131na, fiziki \u015fartlar elverdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde devam edilebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kanunda belirtildi\u011fi gibi do\u011frudan s\u00fcrelerin durdurulmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir. Zira taraflar\u0131n tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmesinin bir sebebi de tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n, devlet yarg\u0131lamas\u0131ndan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve gizlilik bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki pandemi s\u00fcrecinin ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi belirsizdir.<\/p>\n

Nitekim salg\u0131nla m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecinin uzamas\u0131 durumunda durdurulan s\u00fcre de artmaya devam edecektir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, teknolojik imkanlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 i\u015flemlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi taraflar\u0131n arzu etti\u011fi bir sonu\u00e7 olabilir. Ancak kan\u0131m\u0131zca bu durum ancak taraflar\u0131n bu konuda ortak talebiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda belirtilen s\u00fcre durdurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin, e\u011fer taraflar\u0131n aksi y\u00f6nde bir talebi yoksa- tahkime ili\u015fkin s\u00fcreler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uygulanmas\u0131, ama\u00e7sal yorum kurallar\u0131na uygundur. Bununla birlikte tahkimin taraf iradesini \u00f6n planda tutan \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak bu pandemi s\u00fcrecinde s\u00fcre durdurulmas\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak yarg\u0131lama i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131labilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buradaki kilit unsur taraflar\u0131n bu y\u00f6nde ortak bir iradesinin bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/a>* \u0130stanbul Tahkim Derne\u011fi (\u0130STA) Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, Gedik \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Anayasa Hukuku ABD \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi, Kabine Hukuk B\u00fcrosu Kurucu Ortak, uakuzum@kabinelaw.com<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0RG. 26.03.2020, S.31080.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0H\u00fckm\u00fcn devam\u0131nda;<\/p>\n

a) Su\u00e7 ve ceza, kabahat ve idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m ile disiplin hapsi ve tazyik hapsi i\u00e7in kanunlarda d\u00fczenlenen zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcreleri,<\/i><\/p>\n

b) 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda d\u00fczenlenen koruma tedbirlerine ili\u015fkin s\u00fcreler,<\/i><\/p>\n

c) 6100 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda d\u00fczenlenen ihtiyati tedbiri tamamlayan i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin s\u00fcreler,<\/i><\/p>\n

kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle bu se\u00e7enekler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan taraflar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u00fcrelerin durmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda,<\/p>\n

a) \u0130cra ve iflas daireleri taraf\u0131ndan mal veya haklara ili\u015fkin olarak ilan edilmi\u015f olan sat\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn durma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131 halinde, bu mal veya haklar i\u00e7in durma s\u00fcresinden sonra yeni bir talep aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n icra ve iflas dairelerince sat\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc verilece\u011fi, bu durumda sat\u0131\u015f ilan\u0131n\u0131n sadece elektronik ortamda yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve ilan i\u00e7in \u00fccret al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n

b) Durma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde r\u0131zaen yap\u0131lan \u00f6demelerin kabul edilece\u011fi ve taraflardan birinin, di\u011fer taraf\u0131n lehine olan i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilece\u011fi,<\/p>\n

c) Konkordato m\u00fchletinin alacakl\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, durma s\u00fcresince devam edece\u011fi,<\/p>\n

\u00e7) \u0130cra ve iflas hizmetlerinin aksamamas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan di\u011fer tedbirler al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0Sema Ta\u015fp\u0131nar Ayvaz, 7226 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un Ge\u00e7ici 1.Maddesi Kapsam\u0131nda Yarg\u0131da S\u00fcrelerin Durmas\u0131, TBB Online E\u011fitim Programlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0http:\/\/www.ista.org.tr\/tr\/blog\/turkiyedeki-tahkim-kurumlarinin-koronavirus-onlemleri<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0PEKCANITEZ, Hakan; 2279 say\u0131l\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 (Fevkal\u00e2de M\u00fchlet) Karar\u0131 ile 7226 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un Ge\u00e7ici 1. Maddesinin Birlikte De\u011ferlendirilmesi. Eri\u015fim:\u00a0https:\/\/blog.lexpera.com.tr\/2279-sayili-karar-ile-7226-sayili-kanunun-birlikte-degerlendirilmesi\/<\/a>. Son eri\u015fim tarihi: 8.4.2020.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a030.03.2020 tarihli \u0130TOTAM Divan Karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz.\u00a0https:\/\/www.itotam.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0Sema Ta\u015fp\u0131nar Ayvaz, 7226 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un Ge\u00e7ici 1.Maddesi Kapsam\u0131nda Yarg\u0131da S\u00fcrelerin Durmas\u0131, TBB Online E\u011fitim Programlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. \u00dcyesi Ural Ak\u00fcz\u00fcm* 7226 say\u0131l\u0131 Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun[2]\u00a0uyar\u0131nca bir\u00e7ok kanunda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":952,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[129,128],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nCovid-19 S\u00fcrecinde Tahkimde S\u00fcreler: T\u00fcrk Hukukunda \u00d6\u011freti ve Kurumsal Uygulamalar | \u0130STA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0130STA taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan Covid-19 S\u00fcrecinde Tahkimde S\u00fcreler: T\u00fcrk Hukukunda \u00d6\u011freti ve Kurumsal Uygulamalar konulu yaz\u0131y\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in sitemizi ziyaret edin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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