\u0130stanbul Tahkim Derne\u011fi (\u0130STA) ve \u0130stanbul Barosu Tahkim Merkezi ortak yay\u0131n\u0131nda \u0130STA Hakem Etik Kurallar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u201cTahkimde Etik\u201d konusunu konu\u015ftuk. 26 May\u0131s 2020 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen yay\u0131na \u0130STA Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Av. Mehmet G\u00fcn, \u0130stanbul Barosu Tahkim Merkezi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Av. \u0130smail Altay ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130STA Hakem Etik Kurallar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131m\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck eme\u011fi olan Galatasaray \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. S\u00fcheyla Balkar Bozkurt konu\u015fmac\u0131 olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bu yay\u0131ndan derledi\u011fimiz g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri bir not olarak sunuyoruz.<\/p>\n
Tahkimin \u201calternatif uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemlerinden biri\u201d olman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek, ola\u011fan hale gelmesi i\u00e7in taraflar\u0131n hakemlere ve tahkimdeki t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rlere g\u00fcvenece\u011fi bir sistemin kurulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Tahkimde Etik konusu bu anlamda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tahkim merkezlerinin kurulmas\u0131 ve tahkim konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131 tahkimin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131rsatlar do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Tahkim g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne yayg\u0131nla\u015fmakta ve davalar\u0131n de\u011ferleri artmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin ICC\u2019de her y\u0131l bine yak\u0131n tahkim davas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ve bu davalar\u0131n ortalama de\u011feri 45 milyon dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hukuk ekonomisinin en \u00f6nemli \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan tahkimin hem bizim \u00fclkemizde hem de k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta y\u00fckselebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcven tesis etmesi gerekmektedir. Bu g\u00fcvenin tahkimin t\u00fcm bile\u015fenlerinin; yani hakemlerin, vekillerin, tahkim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi fonlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n nezdinde sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Taraflar\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n adil ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir karar elde etmek oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rlerin tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 boyunca etik davran\u0131\u015f ilkelerine uygun davranmalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu g\u00fcven hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, akt\u00f6rlerin davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerini d\u00fczenleyen etik kurallar ile sa\u011flanabilir. Ahlaki de\u011ferleri, homojen bir toplulukta davran\u0131\u015f olarak d\u0131\u015fa yans\u0131tma bi\u00e7imi etiktir. E\u011fer bu homojen topluluk bir meslek grubunu ifade ediyorsa onlar\u0131n do\u011fru davran\u0131\u015f kurallar\u0131 deontolojik veya etik kurallar olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hukuk kurallar\u0131 ise b\u00fct\u00fcn bu kurallardan farkl\u0131 olarak ihlal edilmesi durumunda yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanacak kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
HMK ve MTK\u2019daki at\u0131flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6rne\u011fin TCK\u2019n\u0131n 252. maddesi 9\/e bendinde kamu g\u00f6revlilerine ek olarak \u201cBir hukuki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc amac\u0131yla ba\u015fvurulan tahkim usul\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde g\u00f6revlendirilen vatanda\u015f veya yabanc\u0131 hakemler\u201d de r\u00fc\u015fvet su\u00e7unun s\u00fcjeleri aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Ancak etik kurallar \u00f6z\u00fcnde yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 d\u0131\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Etik kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali halinde, \u00f6denecek bedel mesleki sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayb\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hakemlerden de belli davran\u0131\u015flar sergilemeleri beklenir: tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 boyunca adil ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir yarg\u0131lama yapma, tarafs\u0131z ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olma, s\u00fcratle, az masrafla yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131rma, s\u0131r saklama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne riayet etme gibi\u2026<\/p>\n
Tahkimin avantaj\u0131 olarak sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z esaslar, asl\u0131nda hakemlerin karakterinde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple hakemlerin etik davranmalar\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Beklenen\/tercih edilen davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imleri bir k\u0131lavuz haline getirilerek etik kurallar\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda taraflara ve hakemlere sunulur. Bu durum tahkimin avantajlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de bir vaattir.<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda \u00f6ncelikle hakemlerin uzman olmad\u0131klar\u0131 konulardaki davalar\u0131 almaktan geri durmas\u0131 beklenir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde gerekli vakti ay\u0131ramayacak ise hakemin davay\u0131 bakmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
Tahkimin bir di\u011fer avantaj\u0131 da gizliliktir. Bu durumda hakem s\u0131r saklama h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u00f6ncelikle etik bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olarak uymal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tahkimin en \u00f6nemli avantajlar\u0131ndan biri de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda ilk akla gelen etik kurallardan biridir. Bu kural kanunlarda da yer almaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lmasayd\u0131 da tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bir ahlak kural\u0131 olarak var olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kamuoyunun tahkimin avantajlar\u0131ndan t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yararlanabilmesi ad\u0131na, etik kurallar\u0131n\u0131n uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm tahkim uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin hakemlerin tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan \u015firketler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u015firketler hakemlerin mesleki deneyimlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmakta ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131ya sebep olabilecek konular\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle binlerce hukuk\u00e7unun g\u00f6rev ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 hukuk b\u00fcrolar\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr profesyonel incelemeler gerekli olmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda hakemlik yapan avukatlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 avukatl\u0131k b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka k\u0131talardaki i\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dahi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olmak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmamak anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Hatta ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 sebebiyle hakemlerin bir\u00e7ok uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta tercih edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nemli olan bu ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n bildirilmesi ve taraflar\u0131n inisiyatif al\u0131p hakemlere g\u00fcven oyu sunmalar\u0131na imkan tan\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bazen taraflar hakemlerin devlet taraf\u0131ndan atanmamalar\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcvensizlik i\u00e7inde olabilmektedir. Bazen hakemler de bu g\u00fcveni telkin etmeyecek davran\u0131\u015flar sergileyebilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaki genel soru i\u015faretleri de tahkim uygulamac\u0131lar\u0131na yans\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu alg\u0131n\u0131n olumlu y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ad\u0131na kurumsal olarak \u00f6nlemler almak zorunda oldu\u011fumuz ortadad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u00e7 tahkiminin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 tahkimde de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00fcven duyulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tahkimde etik meselesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi birinci \u00f6ncelikli ama\u00e7t\u0131r. \u0130STA Hakem Etik kurallar\u0131, tahkim konusunda kabul etti\u011fimiz ahlak kurallar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye oturtulmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu ama\u00e7la \u0130STA \u00f6nce d\u00fcnyadaki etik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 derlemi\u015f, payda\u015flar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini alm\u0131\u015f ve derlenen bu kurallar ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler Galatasaray \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. S\u00fcheyla Balkar Bozkurt taraf\u0131ndan akademik bir anlay\u0131\u015fla \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir metinle 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130stanbul Tahkim Derne\u011fi (\u0130STA) ve \u0130stanbul Barosu Tahkim Merkezi ortak yay\u0131n\u0131nda \u0130STA Hakem Etik Kurallar\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":982,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[4,129,32],"tags":[131,132,35,133],"yoast_head":"\n
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